Most of this content references the following site. If you want to see comments related to this information, this is a good place to find them. For a full list of keytool commands, you can visit the following link.
Java Keytool is a key and certificate management utility. It allows users to manage their own public/private key pairs and certificates. It also allows users to cache certificates. Java Keytool stores the keys and certificates in what is called a keystore. By default the Java keystore is implemented as a file. It protects private keys with a password. A Keytool keystore contains the private key and any certificates necessary to complete a chain of trust and establish the trustworthiness of the primary certificate.
Each certificate in a Java keystore is associated with a unique alias. When creating a Java keystore you will first create the .jks file that will initially only contain the private key. You will then generate a CSR and have a certificate generated from it. Then you will import the certificate to the keystore including any root certificates. Java Keytool also several other functions that allow you to view the details of a certificate or list the certificates contained in a keystore or export a certificate.
*Note: For the alias, I like to use the domain name. The alias can be anything, and is case-insensitive.
Java Keytool Commands for Creating and Importing
These commands allow you to generate a new Java Keytool keystore file, create a CSR, and import certificates. Any root or intermediate certificates will need to be imported before importing the primary certificate for your domain.
Generate an empty Java keystore
keytool -genkey -alias foo -keystore "c:\path\to\keystore.jks" keytool -delete -alias foo -keystore "c:\path\to\keystore.jks"
Generate a Java keystore and key pair
keytool -genkey -alias mydomain -keyalg RSA -keystore keystore.jks -keysize 2048
Generate a certificate signing request (CSR) for an existing Java keystore
keytool -certreq -alias mydomain -keystore keystore.jks -file mydomain.csr
Import a root or intermediate CA certificate to an existing Java keystore
keytool -import -trustcacerts -alias root -file Thawte.crt -keystore keystore.jks
Import a signed primary certificate to an existing Java keystore
keytool -import -trustcacerts -alias mydomain -file mydomain.crt -keystore keystore.jks
Generate a keystore and self-signed certificate (see How to Create a Self Signed Certificate using Java Keytool for more info)
keytool -genkey -keyalg RSA -alias selfsigned -keystore keystore.jks -storepass password -validity 360 -keysize 2048
Java Keytool Commands for Checking
If you need to check the information within a certificate, or Java keystore, use these commands.
Check a stand-alone certificate
keytool -printcert -v -file mydomain.crt
Check which certificates are in a Java keystore
keytool -list -v -keystore keystore.jks
Check a particular keystore entry using an alias
keytool -list -v -keystore keystore.jks -alias mydomain
Other Java Keytool Commands
Delete a certificate from a Java Keytool keystore
keytool -delete -alias mydomain -keystore keystore.jks
Change a Java keystore password
keytool -storepasswd -new new_storepass -keystore keystore.jks
Export a certificate from a keystore
keytool -export -alias mydomain -file mydomain.crt -keystore keystore.jks
List Trusted CA Certs
keytool -list -v -keystore $JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/security/cacerts
Import New CA into Trusted Certs
keytool -import -trustcacerts -file /path/to/ca/ca.pem -alias CA_ALIAS -keystore $JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/security/cacerts
